Neoscholasticism in Philosophy
Neoscholasticism is a philosophical current that emerged at the end of the XNUMXth century and beginning of the XNUMXth century as a response to the positivism and materialism that dominated philosophical thought at the time. It is based on the principles of medieval scholasticism, but seeks to adapt them to contemporary philosophical challenges and questions.
Origins and Influences
Neoscholasticism has its roots in medieval scholasticism, a philosophical system developed in the Middle Ages that sought to reconcile Christian philosophy with classical Greco-Roman philosophy. Medieval scholasticism was mainly influenced by the thought of Saint Augustine and Saint Thomas Aquinas.
Neoscholasticism was also influenced by the thinking of modern philosophers, such as René Descartes and Immanuel Kant. Descartes, with his emphasis on reason and the scientific method, and Kant, with his theory of knowledge and his ethics based on practical reason, contributed to the formation of neo-scholasticism.
Principles of Neo-Scholasticism
Neo-scholasticism seeks to reconcile Christian philosophy with classical philosophy, just like medieval scholasticism. It defends the existence of an absolute and objective truth, which can be achieved through reason and faith. For neo-scholastics, reason and faith are not opposites, but complementary.
Furthermore, neo-scholasticism values the tradition and authority of the Catholic Church as sources of knowledge and wisdom. She defends the importance of theology as a philosophical discipline and seeks to integrate faith and reason in her analyzes and arguments.
Reviews and Relevance
Neoscholasticism has received criticism from various philosophers and philosophical currents over time. Some argue that it is too dogmatic and inflexible, privileging the authority of the Church to the detriment of freedom of thought and the search for truth.
However, neo-scholasticism is still relevant today, especially in the field of philosophy of religion. It offers a philosophical approach that seeks to reconcile faith and reason, which may be of interest to those who wish to explore issues related to religion and spirituality.
Neoscholasticism and Contemporary Philosophy
Neoscholasticism played an important role in the development of contemporary philosophy. She influenced philosophers such as Jacques Maritain, Etienne Gilson and Edith Stein, who sought to adapt the principles of medieval scholasticism to the philosophical challenges and questions of the XNUMXth century.
These neo-scholastic philosophers contributed to the revival of interest in Thomistic philosophy, especially in the field of philosophy of nature and metaphysics. They also explored topics such as ethics, politics and the philosophy of art from a neo-scholastic perspective.
Conclusion
Neo-scholasticism is a philosophical current that seeks to reconcile Christian philosophy with classical philosophy, adapting the principles of medieval scholasticism to contemporary philosophical challenges and issues. She values reason and faith as means of achieving truth and defends the importance of the tradition and authority of the Catholic Church. Despite criticism, neo-scholasticism is still relevant today, especially in the field of philosophy of religion. She influenced contemporary philosophers and contributed to the development of Thomistic philosophy and other philosophical themes.
