What is it: Moral Principles in Stoicism

Stoicism is an ancient philosophy that originated in Greece and developed during the Hellenistic period. One of the main characteristics of Stoicism is its emphasis on moral and ethical principles, which are fundamental to the pursuit of wisdom and virtue. In this glossary, we will explore in detail what the moral principles in Stoicism are and how they can be applied in our everyday lives.

1. Virtue

In Stoicism, virtue is considered the supreme good and the main objective of life. It is defined as moral excellence and the ability to act in accordance with reason. The Stoics believed that virtue is the only thing that is under our absolute control, while all other things are subject to external circumstances. Therefore, the pursuit of virtue is seen as the key to achieving happiness and inner tranquility.

2. Wisdom

Wisdom is another fundamental principle in Stoicism. It is considered as the ability to discern between what is under our control and what is not. The Stoics believed that wisdom is acquired through study and reflection, and that it allows us to face life's challenges in a serene and balanced way. Wisdom also helps us recognize the impermanence of things and accept inevitable changes.

3. Self-mastery

Self-control is an essential virtue in Stoicism. It refers to the ability to control our emotions and desires, and to act in accordance with reason, even in the face of adversity. The Stoics believed that self-mastery is achieved through self-knowledge and constant practice. By developing self-control, we are able to deal with situations in a more calm and rational way, avoiding impulsive and harmful reactions.

4. Acceptance

Acceptance is a central principle in Stoicism. It involves the ability to accept things as they are, without resistance or judgment. The Stoics believed that much human suffering is caused by our resistance to circumstances and our tendency to wish things were different. By practicing acceptance, we are able to find inner peace and better deal with life's challenges.

5. Impartiality

Impartiality is an important ethical principle in Stoicism. It involves treating all people fairly and equally, regardless of their differences. The Stoics believed that all human beings are equal in their ability to reason and pursue virtue. Therefore, we must treat all people with respect and consideration, without making distinctions based on race, gender, social class or any other external characteristic.

6. Indifference to external things

In Stoicism, indifference to external things is a principle that teaches us not to become attached to material goods, social status or anything else that is beyond our control. The Stoics believed that true happiness does not depend on these external things, but rather on our ability to act in accordance with virtue. By cultivating indifference to external things, we are able to find internal contentment and satisfaction, regardless of the circumstances.

7. Living according to nature

Living in accordance with nature is a central tenet in Stoicism. It involves living in harmony with the natural order of things and acting in accordance with our rational nature. The Stoics believed that human nature is rational and social, and that we should live in accordance with these characteristics. Living in accordance with nature means acting virtuously, cultivating healthy relationships, and contributing to the well-being of the community.

8. Contemplation of death

Contemplation of death is a common exercise in Stoicism. The Stoics believed that death is a natural part of life and that we should be prepared for it at any time. By contemplating death, we are able to appreciate the brevity of life and value each moment. Contemplation of death also helps us put things into perspective and focus on what's really important.

9. Resilience

Resilience is a quality valued in Stoicism. It involves the ability to face life's challenges with courage and determination, even in the face of adversity. The Stoics believed that resilience is developed through constant practice and facing difficulties. By cultivating resilience, we are able to overcome obstacles and grow as individuals.

10. Selfless action

Selfless action is an ethical principle in Stoicism. It involves acting for the benefit of others without expecting anything in return. The Stoics believed that true happiness is found by contributing to the well-being of the community and helping others. By taking selfless action, we are able to cultivate healthy relationships and make a difference in the world.

11. Equanimity

Equanimity is a quality valued in Stoicism. It involves the ability to remain calm and serene in the face of adversity and intense emotions. The Stoics believed that equanimity is achieved through self-mastery and constant practice. By cultivating equanimity, we are able to face life's challenges with serenity and avoid impulsive reactions.

12. Gratitude

Gratitude is a principle valued in Stoicism. It involves the ability to appreciate the good things in life and to recognize the blessings we receive. The Stoics believed that gratitude helps us cultivate a positive attitude and find contentment in simple things. By practicing gratitude, we are able to value the present and live more fully.

13. Acceptance of imperfection

Acceptance of imperfection is an important principle in Stoicism. It involves the ability to accept our own flaws and imperfections, as well as those of others. The Stoics believed that all human beings are fallible and that we must accept our limitations. By practicing acceptance of imperfection, we are able to cultivate compassion and empathy, both for ourselves and others.

In short, the moral principles in Stoicism are fundamental to the pursuit of wisdom and virtue. They teach us to live according to reason, to accept life's circumstances, and to cultivate healthy relationships. By applying these principles to our everyday lives, we can find inner peace, happiness, and a greater understanding of the world around us.