Who is Heidegger, Martin in Philosophy?
Martin Heidegger is considered one of the most influential philosophers of the 1889th century. Born in XNUMX in Germany, he is known for his contributions to existential philosophy and phenomenology. Heidegger was a professor at the University of Freiburg and his work had a significant impact on several areas of philosophical thought, including ontology, hermeneutics and the philosophy of language.
Formation and Influences
Heidegger studied theology and philosophy at the University of Freiburg, where he was a student of Edmund Husserl, the founder of phenomenology. Phenomenology had a great influence on his later work, especially his approach to the question of being. Furthermore, Heidegger was also influenced by philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Immanuel Kant and Aristotle.
Ontology and the Question of Being
One of Heidegger's main contributions to philosophy is his approach to ontology, the area of philosophy that studies the nature of being. Heidegger argued that the Western philosophical tradition neglected the fundamental question of being, focusing only on beings, that is, on the things that exist in the world. He proposed a new approach, called “fundamental ontology”, which seeks to understand being in itself.
Existential Philosophy
Heidegger is also known for his contribution to existential philosophy. He argued that human existence is characterized by anguish and the search for meaning. For Heidegger, authentic existence involves acceptance of finitude and responsibility for one's life. He criticized contemporary society for its alienation and lack of authenticity.
Hermeneutics and the Philosophy of Language
Another area in which Heidegger made important contributions is hermeneutics, which is the study of the interpretation of texts and symbols. Heidegger argued that language plays a fundamental role in understanding being. He proposed a hermeneutic approach that seeks to reveal the hidden meaning in words and symbols.
Criticisms and Controversies
Heidegger's work was also the target of criticism and controversy. He was a member of the Nazi Party during World War II, and his political views and his relations with the Nazi regime have raised ethical questions about his philosophical legacy. Furthermore, his complex and obscure writing was also criticized for being difficult to understand.
Influence and Legacy
Despite criticism, Heidegger's work continues to be studied and discussed to this day. His unique philosophical approach and quest for understanding the self has influenced many philosophers and scholars. His work has also had a significant impact on areas such as psychology, literature, and critical theory.
Main Works
Among Heidegger's best-known works are “Being and Time”, published in 1927, and “Contributions to Philosophy”, published posthumously in 1989. These works explore themes such as temporality, language and the relationship between the human being and the world.
Conclusion
In summary, Martin Heidegger was an influential philosopher who made important contributions to existential philosophy, ontology, hermeneutics, and the philosophy of language. His work continues to be studied and debated, despite the controversies surrounding his political views. His search for understanding the being and his critique of contemporary society left a lasting legacy in the field of philosophy.
