Introduction

GEM Anscombe, whose full name is Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe, was a 1919th-century British philosopher known for her significant contributions to moral philosophy, philosophy of mind, philosophy of action, and philosophy of language. Born in XNUMX in Limerick, Ireland, Anscombe studied philosophy at the University of Oxford, where she became one of the leading figures in the Vienna Circle, a group of influential philosophers who sought a scientific approach to philosophy.

Formation and Influences

Anscombe began her studies in philosophy at the University of Oxford, where she was influenced by philosophers such as Ludwig Wittgenstein and Peter Geach. Wittgenstein, in particular, had a significant impact on her thinking, and she became an advocate and interpreter of his ideas. Anscombe was also influenced by the German philosopher GE Moore, known for his advocacy of ethical realism and his emphasis on the importance of common sense.

Contributions to Moral Philosophy

One of Anscombe's main contributions to moral philosophy was his critique of utilitarianism and his defense of the concept of intention. She argued that actions should be evaluated not only by their results, but also by the intentions behind them. Anscombe also defended the idea that there are intrinsically wrong actions, regardless of their consequences, and that morality cannot be reduced to a simple cost-benefit analysis.

Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Action

Anscombe also made important contributions to philosophy of mind and philosophy of action. She argued that human action is characterized by a special form of causality, which she called “intentional causality.” According to Anscombe, human actions are caused by intentions and motives, not just physical events. She also defended the idea that intention is an essential part of human action, and that action without intention cannot be considered a morally significant action.

Philosophy of Language

Anscombe also made important contributions to the philosophy of language, especially in the field of philosophy of action. She argued that language plays a fundamental role in our understanding of human action, and that action can only be adequately understood within a linguistic context. Anscombe also defended the idea that language is a form of action, and that speech is not just an expression of thoughts, but also a way of acting in the world.

Criticisms and Controversies

Despite his significant contributions to philosophy, Anscombe was also the target of criticism and controversy. Some philosophers have questioned his positions on moral issues, especially his defense of the concept of intrinsically wrong actions. Others criticized her interpretation of Wittgenstein's ideas, arguing that she simplified and distorted his original ideas. However, Anscombe's influence on contemporary philosophy is undeniable, and his ideas continue to be discussed and debated to this day.

Legacy and Recognition

GEM Anscombe's legacy in philosophy is significant. His contributions to moral philosophy, philosophy of mind, philosophy of action, and philosophy of language continue to influence contemporary philosophical thought. She was one of the first philosophers to advocate the importance of intention and meaning in human action, and her ideas have been fundamental to the development of later ethical and philosophical theories. Anscombe was also recognized for her scholarship and intellectual rigor, and received numerous awards and honors throughout her career.

Conclusion

Although GEM Anscombe's philosophy has been the subject of criticism and controversy, his contributions to philosophy are undeniable. His defense of the importance of intention, his critique of utilitarianism, and his rigorous approach to philosophy continue to influence contemporary philosophical thought. Anscombe left a lasting legacy in philosophy, and his work continues to be studied and debated by philosophers around the world.