What is Neocriticism in Philosophy
Neocriticism is a philosophical current that emerged in the XNUMXth century as a reaction to positivism and idealism. This current seeks to reconcile the objectivity of positivism with the subjectivity of idealism, seeking a more balanced and complete approach to reality. Neocriticism is also known as transcendental criticism or Kantian criticism, in reference to the philosopher Immanuel Kant, who had a great influence on this current.
The bases of Neocriticism
Neocriticism is based on the ideas of Immanuel Kant, who proposed a new philosophical approach known as transcendental criticism. Kant argued that human knowledge is constructed from the interaction between sensitive experience and the innate cognitive structures of the mind. He argued that knowledge is not a mere copy of reality, but rather an active construction of the subject.
Main concepts of Neocriticism
In neocriticism, some concepts are fundamental to understanding this philosophical current. One of these concepts is phenomenon, which refers to things as they appear to us, mediated by the cognitive structures of the mind. Another important concept is the noumenon, which refers to things as they are in themselves, independently of our perception.
Contributions of Neocriticism to Philosophy
Neocriticism made important contributions to philosophy. By reconciling the objectivity of positivism with the subjectivity of idealism, this philosophical current allowed a more complete and balanced approach to reality. Furthermore, neocriticism also influenced other areas of knowledge, such as psychology and sociology, by proposing a more complex understanding of human nature and society.
Criticisms of Neocriticism
Despite its contributions, neocriticism has also received criticism over time. Some philosophers argue that this philosophical current is excessively complex and abstract, making its practical application difficult. Furthermore, neocriticism was also accused of being an elitist philosophical current, difficult for most people to access.
Neocriticism and Contemporary Philosophy
Neocriticism continues to be a relevant philosophical current in contemporary philosophy. Despite the criticism received, his ideas continue to influence philosophical thought and stimulate debates and reflections on the nature of human knowledge and the relationship between subject and object. Neocriticism has also been the subject of studies and research in various areas of knowledge, contributing to the advancement of critical thinking and understanding of reality.
Applications of Neocriticism
Neocriticism has applications in several areas of knowledge. In psychology, for example, this philosophical current influenced the development of cognitive psychology, which studies the mental processes involved in perception, memory, language, among others. In sociology, neocriticism contributed to a more complex understanding of social relations and power structures. Furthermore, neocriticism has also influenced aesthetics, ethics and politics, among other areas.
Neocriticism and the Search for Truth
Neocriticism aims to search for truth, understood as an active construction of the subject based on the interaction between sensitive experience and the cognitive structures of the mind. This philosophical current recognizes the importance of subjectivity in the construction of knowledge, but also values objectivity as a criterion for validating our beliefs and theories. Thus, neocriticism seeks a balanced and critical approach to reality, which takes into account both subjective and objective aspects.
Neocriticism and the Relationship between Subject and Object
Neocriticism is also concerned with the relationship between subject and object, that is, between the subject that knows and the object that is known. This philosophical current recognizes that knowledge is an active construction of the subject, but it also recognizes the existence of a reality independent of our perception. Thus, neocriticism seeks a more complete and complex understanding of the relationship between subject and object, avoiding the extremes of idealism and positivism.
Neocriticism and the Importance of Criticism
Neocriticism values the importance of criticism in the construction of knowledge. This philosophical current recognizes that our beliefs and theories are subject to errors and limitations, and that criticism is fundamental to correcting these errors and expanding our horizons. Thus, neocriticism encourages critical reflection and constant questioning of our own beliefs and theories, always seeking to improve our knowledge and understanding of reality.
Conclusion
Neocriticism is a philosophical current that seeks to reconcile the objectivity of positivism with the subjectivity of idealism, offering a more complete and balanced approach to reality. Based on the ideas of Immanuel Kant, neocriticism has influenced several areas of knowledge and continues to be relevant in contemporary philosophy. Despite the criticism received, this philosophical current encourages the search for truth, critical reflection and understanding the relationship between subject and object.
