What is Just War in Stoicism?

Stoic philosophy, developed in Ancient Greece by Zeno of Citium, is known for its emphasis on virtue, reason, and acceptance of fate. The Stoics believed that war was a necessary evil in certain circumstances, but they also argued that it should be conducted according to ethical principles. In this context, the concept of Just War emerged in Stoicism, also known as Just War in English.

Origins and influences of the concept of Just War in Stoicism

The concept of Just War in Stoicism has its roots in several ancient philosophical and religious traditions. The Stoics were influenced by Socratic thought, which emphasized the importance of virtue and the pursuit of wisdom. Furthermore, they were also influenced by Roman Stoicism, which incorporated elements of Roman law and Roman military tradition.

Just War Principles in Stoicism

Just War in Stoicism is based on a series of ethical principles that must be followed during an armed conflict. These principles include:

1. Just cause

War is only considered fair if it is fought in defense of a greater good, such as freedom, justice or security. The cause of war must be legitimate and not motivated by selfish interests or greed.

2. Last resort

War should only be fought as a last resort, when all other peaceful options have been exhausted. The Stoics believed that violence was only justified when there was no other alternative to achieving peace and justice.

3. Proportionality

War must be conducted in a proportional manner, that is, the means used to achieve the objectives of war must be proportionate to the damage caused. The Stoics argued that unnecessary or excessive violence was unjust.

4. Discrimination

The Stoics also emphasized the importance of discrimination during war. This means combatants must distinguish between combatants and non-combatants, avoiding causing unnecessary harm to civilians and non-military infrastructure.

5. Probability of success

War should only be fought if there is a reasonable probability of success. The Stoics believed that waging war with no real chance of victory was futile and unfair, as it would only cause more suffering and destruction.

Application of the concept of Just War in Stoicism in history

The concept of Just War in Stoicism has been applied on several occasions throughout history. A famous example is the resistance of the Roman Stoics against the tyrannical rule of Nero. They believed they had a duty to fight for freedom and justice, even if it meant facing violence and death.

Criticisms of the concept of Just War in Stoicism

Despite its historical relevance, the concept of Just War in Stoicism also faces criticism. Some argue that war, even when fought according to ethical principles, still causes unnecessary suffering and death. Furthermore, the application of these principles can be subjective and give rise to different interpretations.

Conclusion

Just War in Stoicism is a complex concept that seeks to reconcile the need for war in certain circumstances with ethical principles. Although it has been applied at different times in history, the debate surrounding its validity and effectiveness continues to this day. It is important to reflect on these issues and seek peaceful solutions whenever possible.