What is Phenomenology in Philosophy
Phenomenology is a philosophical current that emerged at the beginning of the XNUMXth century, with the German philosopher Edmund Husserl. It proposes to study the human experience directly, seeking to understand the essence of phenomena as they present themselves to consciousness. Phenomenology is a philosophical approach that focuses on the analysis of subjective experience and the relationship between subject and object.
Origin and development of Phenomenology
Phenomenology began with Edmund Husserl, who published his work “Logical Investigations” in 1900. Husserl proposed a new way of philosophizing, which was based on the analysis of lived experience and the search for the essence of phenomena. He believed that philosophy should focus on the precise and systematic description of experience rather than being concerned with abstract theories.
Main concepts of Phenomenology
One of the main concepts of phenomenology is “intentionality”, which refers to the relationship between consciousness and the object of experience. According to Husserl, all consciousness is always consciousness of something, that is, it is always directed towards an object. Another important concept is that of “epoché”, which refers to the suspension of judgment and the openness to pure experience, without preconceptions or assumptions.
Applications of Phenomenology
Phenomenology has been applied in different areas of knowledge, such as psychology, sociology, anthropology and even medicine. In psychology, for example, phenomenology is used to understand the subjective experience of individuals and the way they give meaning to their experiences. In sociology, phenomenology is used to analyze social relations and the construction of social reality.
Criticisms of Phenomenology
Despite its importance and influence, phenomenology has also received criticism over time. Some critics argue that phenomenology is excessively subjective and does not provide a solid basis for building scientific theories. Other critics claim that phenomenology is too abstract and that it is not concerned enough with concrete reality.
Contributions of Phenomenology to Philosophy
Phenomenology made important contributions to philosophy, especially with regard to the analysis of human experience and the relationship between subject and object. It emphasizes the importance of subjectivity and individual experience in the construction of knowledge. Furthermore, phenomenology also influenced other philosophical currents, such as hermeneutics and the philosophy of existence.
Main phenomenological philosophers
In addition to Edmund Husserl, other important philosophers contributed to the development of phenomenology. Among them, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre and Maurice Merleau-Ponty stand out. Each of these philosophers brought their own contributions and interpretations to phenomenology, expanding its reach and influence.
Importance of Phenomenology in contemporary times
Phenomenology continues to be a relevant philosophical current in contemporary times, especially due to its emphasis on subjective experience and the importance of individual experience. She reminds us of the importance of looking beyond abstract concepts and pre-established theories, and invites us to turn our attention to concrete and immediate experience. Phenomenology helps us better understand ourselves and the world around us.
Conclusion
In short, phenomenology is a philosophical current that seeks to understand human experience directly and without preconceptions. It focuses on the analysis of subjective experience and the relationship between subject and object. Phenomenology began with Edmund Husserl and continues to be relevant today. Despite receiving criticism, phenomenology made important contributions to philosophy and influenced other philosophical currents. It invites us to look beyond abstract theories and turn our attention to concrete, immediate experience.
