What is Existentialism in Philosophy
Existentialism is a philosophical current that emerged in the XNUMXth century and focuses on the analysis of human existence and individual freedom. This philosophical current seeks to understand the meaning of life, freedom of choice and personal responsibility. Existentialism emphasizes the importance of individual experience and subjectivity in constructing the meaning of existence.
Origins of Existentialism
Existentialism has its roots in the works of philosophers such as Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche. Kierkegaard, considered the father of existentialism, explored anguish and individual responsibility in his works, while Nietzsche questioned moral values and the search for absolute truth. These thinkers influenced the development of existentialism as a distinct philosophical current.
Main Concepts of Existentialism
Existentialism addresses a series of fundamental concepts for understanding this philosophical current. Some of the key concepts include:
1. Existence Precedes Essence
According to existentialism, the human being does not have a pre-determined essence or a fixed purpose in life. Rather, existence precedes essence, which means that each individual is responsible for creating their own meaning and purpose in life through their choices and actions.
2. Existential Anguish
Existential anguish is one of the central themes of existentialism. It arises from the awareness of individual freedom and responsibility. Existential angst is the feeling of anxiety and uncertainty that accompanies freedom of choice and the need to take responsibility for our actions.
3. Authenticity
The concept of authenticity is fundamental in existentialism. Being authentic means living according to your own values and beliefs rather than conforming to social expectations and norms. The search for authenticity involves reflecting on who we are and what we really want in life.
4. Absurdism
Absurdism is a concept related to existentialism that emphasizes the meaninglessness and contradiction of human existence. According to absurdism, life is essentially irrational and meaningless, and the search for absolute meaning is futile. However, despite this meaninglessness, the absurdity of existence can be faced with courage and rebellion.
5. Individual Responsibility
Existentialism highlights the importance of individual responsibility. Each individual is responsible for their choices and actions, and must face the consequences of their decisions. Freedom of choice brings with it the responsibility to act in accordance with our values and take responsibility for our actions.
Applications of Existentialism
Existentialism has applications in several areas, including philosophy, psychology, literature and even psychotherapy. This philosophical current influenced thinkers and artists throughout the XNUMXth century, and its ideas continue to be discussed and explored today.
Conclusion
Existentialism is a philosophical current that seeks to understand human existence and individual freedom. Its main concepts, such as existence precedes essence, existential anguish, authenticity, absurdism and individual responsibility, are fundamental to understanding this philosophical current. Existentialism has applications in several areas and continues to be a source of inspiration and reflection for thinkers and artists.
